ABSTRACT
Objective To investigate artemin and its receptors GFRα3 expression in human pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma and its significance. Methods Expression and distribution of artemin and GFRα3 in 100 cases of human pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma(PDAC) and 40 cases of normal pancreatic tissue were detected by immunohistochemistry and RT-PCR, quantitative RT PCR. Relations of artemin and GFRα3 with clinicopathological characteristics, especially nerve invasion were analyzed. Results Nerve invasion was detected in 64 out of 100 cases of PDAC, and the rate of nerve invasion was 64%. The ratio of expression of Artemin, GFRα3 protein in PDAC/normal pancreatic tissue was 2.697 ± 0.231 and 2.599 ± 0.588; the ratio of expression of Artemin, GFRα3 mRNA was 7.01 and 4.63. Artemin and GFRα3 expression were associated with tumor location, differentiation degree, TNM staging, nerve invasion node metastasis, but it was not associated with age, sex and tumor size. Artemin and GFRα3 expression was more positively expressed in cancer cells close to nerve tissue than cells far from nerve tissue. Conclusions Artemin and GFRα3 were involved in the development of pancreatic cancer and their high expression was closely related to perineural invasion.
ABSTRACT
Objective To investigate nerve growth factor (β-NGF) and its receptors expression in human pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma. Methods Expression and distribution of β-NGF, tyrosine kinase A (TrKA) and P75NGFR were detected in operation tissue specimens of pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma with immunohistochemistry and real-time PCR. Relations of β-NGF and its receptors with clinicalpathological characters, especially nerve invasion were analyzed. Results β-NGF and TrKA expression are higher in pancreatic adenocarcinoma than normal pancreas, and the differences are significant (P < 0. 01). Β-NGF and TrKA expression are associated with the differentiation grades(DG), lymphatic node metastasis, nerve invasion and surgical pathological stages. Poorer of DG and later stages, more expression of β-NGF and TrKA. Β-NGF and TrKA expression have positive correlations. Β-NGF, TrKA and P75NGFR mRNA expression have significantly increased 3.84,4. 23 and 2. 41 times than normal tissues by real-time PCR, respectively. Conclusions β-NGF and TrKA might play potential rules in carcinogenesis for pancreatic cancer,have affinity with clinicopathological characters of pancreatic cancer. Β-NGF and TrKA may have mutual effect in signal transduction leading to perineural invasion of pancreatic carcinoma.
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Objective To evaluate the efficacy and safety of tiotropium bromide in treating stable mild and moderate chronic obstructive pulmonary diseases. Methods A randomized,double-blind,parallel comparison clinical trial was conducted in 40 patients with COPD. Twenty patients in tiotropium bromide group were treated by tiotropium bromide powder,and another twenty patients in controll group were given ipratropium,in contrast. The spirometry of both groups was conducted. 4 weeks after treatment. Results The forced expiratory volume in one second ( FEV1 ) and forced vital capacity(FVC) in two groups were significantly increased after treatment( P<0.01 ). The increase of FEV1 in tiotropium bromide group was higher than that in controll group after 4-week. There was no significant differ-ence in rescue medication consumptions. The incidence of adverse effects has no statistical difference between two groups. Conclusion Tiotropium bromide is an effective and safe bronchodilator in treating patients with COPD.